![]() The likelihood of virtual reality simulation being located conveniently to all trainees over a large geographical area around the UK is compromised by the high equipment cost involved in purchasing an Eyesi® Surgical. įurther acquisition and refinement of ophthalmic microsurgical skills requires regular and repetitive practice, ideally with some trainer mentorship. Since becoming commonplace, this mandatory implementation of simulation training and access to an Eyesi® Surgical has been associated with a reduction in the unadjusted posterior capsule rupture rate for novice surgeons by 38% from 2009 to 2015. ![]() Subsequent attendance at an “Introduction to phacoemulsification microsurgical course” provided by the Royal College of Ophthalmologists is a further prerequisite before undertaking any live intraocular surgery. These two modules enable a novice surgeon to develop their core skills, in real time, for each step involved in routine cataract surgery including: capsulorhexis, sculpting, cracking the nucleus, removing nuclear fragments and cortical aspiration techniques. During their 1st year of training, Ophthalmology trainees are allocated time to complete two cataract modules on an Eyesi® Surgical (VRmagic, Mannheim, Germany) simulator, the most widely used virtual reality simulator of ophthalmic surgery in the UK. UK Ophthalmology trainees are required to complete 50 cataract operations by the end of their second year of training and 350 by the end of 7 years, with surgical simulation playing a vital role in achieving this. Our model can be used as an adjunct to intraocular and virtual reality training for cataract surgery by removing the barrier of cost and improved exposure to real instruments used in cataract surgery.Ĭataract surgery is the most common surgical day case procedure carried out in the United Kingdom (UK), with over 400,000 operations conducted per year in recent years. We demonstrated subjective validity of our cost-effective cataract simulation technique. Forty-nine (74%) agreed that the simulation techniques were relevant for acquiring other generic and transferable microsurgical and manual dexterity skills. Content validity: 60 (90%) of participants agreed the techniques described in the video reflected the technical skills required to train cataract surgeons. Instrumentation and adaptations demonstrated were deemed user friendly and conducive to replicate by 99% participants. Resultsįace validity: 66 (99%) participants agreed that the explanations in the video were clear and 53 (79%) concurred with the realistic feel of simulated technique. Subsequently, we distributed an online subjective validation questionnaire on Google Forms with the embedded simulation video in a generic invitation that was forwarded via email and/or text messages/WhatsApp messenger amongst Ophthalmologists of all grades within our regions (Kent, Surrey and Sussex, London and Wales Postgraduate Deaneries). This video was combined in a “parallel” fashion with live cataract surgery so that all steps of surgery were simulated. We devised and filmed a range of simulation techniques that mimic steps of phacoemulsification cataract surgery using various “everyday” basic materials. To assess the subjective validity of a cost-effective and adaptable cataract surgery simulation technique using basic technology.
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